Depth selective laser scribing of thin-film silicon solar cells on foil
International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro Optics (ICALEO)
27.-30. September
Anaheim
2010
Type: Konferenzbeitrag
Abstract
Roll-to-roll production promises to allow drastic reduction in production cost of thin-film photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules, and thus enable a breakthrough in the price per kWh of solar electricity. The fabrication of these PV devices in roll-to-roll mode on flexible substrates differs in many respects significantly from that for glass based devices. This holds also for the laser scribing to obtain series interconnection of thin-film silicon solar cells into monolithic modules. For thin film solar cells on opaque foil, this requires far more depth selectivity, which cannot be realized by simply adjusting the laser wavelength to the absorption profiles of the involved layers. ECN is working on the development of high-efficiency low-cost thin-film silicon solar cells on steel foil. Recently, we have presented results on depth selectivity studies with ns pulsed lasers at different wavelength on individual layers and layer stacks resembling the final devices [1], but at that time the samples used were no functional solar cells yet. Here, first results of laser scribes into working solar cells are reported, showing some issues encountered with 1064 nm nanosecond pulsed lasers. Despite the apparent depth selectivity that was reported earlier, a reduced diode quality and/or shunting of the solar cells is observed, probably due to recast at the wall of the laser scribe either formed by molten material from the back contact or re-crystallised silicon. Consequently, a much broader wavelength/pulse length matrix has been evaluated to better understand the ablation processes of the individual layers, aiming at a reduction of damage to the PV devices due to the laser process. Finally, improved laser scribes with reduced damage on working solar cells have been achieved in a broad process window leading to much lower solar cell efficiency losses than with the 1064 nm nanosecond laser. [1] Löffler et al., 28th ICALEO, 2009.