Solid-state technology has revolutionized the lighting industry. However, efficiency-droop-limited LEDs introduce constraints to the luminances achieved, and as a result, laser diodes (LDs) are replacing them in the remote phosphor setup. This introduces a new family of lighting solutions, laser-excited remote phosphor (LERP) systems, which can outperform cutting-edge LEDs. LERP systems however have not yet reached their full potential as the high intensity laser beam induces high temperatures within the phosphor material whose emission characteristics heavily depend on temperature. For this reason, a simulation framework has been developed that combines optical and thermal analysis in order to study and optimize these systems and derive their temperature thresholds for sustainable long-term usage. The focus here is on transient analysis, where the interplay between optical and thermal effects can be accounted for and the time dynamics of the system can be investigated. This enables the study of operation points near or at the thermal quenching regime. Furthermore, advanced material models have been developed in order to incorporate the temperature-dependence. The experimental validation of the model has shown that experimental and simulated results are in good agreement.